African Americ A Transformation For Blacks - 1390 Words

During the years of 1860-1877 sacred improvements brought about a transformation for blacks. The south was irritated at the Blacks since they had picked up their opportunity against the will of numerous southern white men. African American had their opportunity again at the same time, they needed to battle to pick up suffrage and social liberties. December 1865 imprints the most critical crossroads in history for all African American in the United States of America. Black people was free once more. They were free from bondage be that as it may, the excursion to discover their character and to get themselves were restricted. After subjugation African American were upbeat to be free in any case, they were all the while attempting to discover approaches to approaches to enhance their lives and to make life less demanding for their kids. Most African American still worked for the whites, the vast majority of them were poor and under educated. African American attempted in each and every approach to regard white southerner with the expectation that they would receive the same appreciation consequently and be dealt with similarly yet, history had taught us that African American needed to battle for all that they needed, have and seek. The African American have had a great deal of extraordinary leader who help fought for equality. Every generation and era in the mid 1910 to 1960 got change its own rights. Every leader fought for equality with enthusiasm, passion, love and dignityShow MoreRelated African Minkisi and American Culture Essay6248 Words   |  25 PagesAfrican Minkisi and American Culture I. Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;African Minkisi have been used for hundreds of years in West Central Africa, This area where they are traditionally from was once known as the kingdom of Kongo, when Europeans started settling and trading with the BaKongo people. Kongo was a well-known state throughout much of the world by the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The BaKongo, however, had probably long used minkisi before ethnographers and anthropologists

Analysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World - 2445 Words

Foundations for a Future Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World criticizes a society in which sex is a commodity, self-determination in non-existent, and happiness derives from consumerism. Huxley writes the novel as a warning to both contemporary and future generations of the dangers of progress built upon the wrong foundations. The novel is a portrayal of Huxley’s own society in which talkies, the radio and premarital sex, were on the rise and like many others of his time he believed that morals were quickly disappearing. It is important to note that Aldous Huxley was a supporter of eugenics, genetic engineering, and science in general; he was not against creating a perfect world, but rather creating the wrong one in the process. The Utopia that Brave New World represents is one in which women are pieces of meat, where no one not even the world controlled can ever escape from the clutches of his conditioning, and where having more is always best. Not only does Aldous Huxley portray the outcome of his own society’s actions, he paints a clear picture of how it will end, as seen in Brave New World once a man-made institution surpasses its creators, humanity will be swallowed up and forgotten. There is no ending for Huxley’s Utopia because the characters of Brave New World are slaves to their own creations without any hope of ever breaking free. The novel is not just a cautionary tale but also a premonition for a future Huxley believes his society has already set sail on.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesMatlen EWRC Period: 1 December 7, 2016 Class Struggle In his text Brave New World Aldous Huxley imagines a society genetically engineered and socially conditioned to be a fully functioning society where everyone appears to be truly happy. This society is created with each person being assigned a social status from birth, much like caste system in modern society or the social or the social strata applied to everyday society. Huxley shows the issues of class struggle from the marxist perspective whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay2257 Words   |  10 PagesGiancarlo Ricci LA 9, period 4 October 21, 2016 MAIN THEME:   It is essential to prioritize individual happiness, emotion, and humanity in order for your life to have value. OVERALL TONE: Satirical Novel Cover Art Analysis The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, is set in a â€Å"utopian† society where individuals are born into a strict social destiny and given recreational sex and drugs to maintain universal happiness and social stability. The major theme exhibited is individual happiness, emotionRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1278 Words   |  6 Pagesanother note, he said it is â€Å"a potent, even enriching.† Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, expands on this idea of exilation. Throughout the novel, several characters are faced with being exiled, whether it be from their home or community. In particular, a man by the name of John seems to experience the bulk of it. John’s experiences show that being exiled is alienating and, at the same time, enriching, while also portraying the effects of a world with complete government control over technology andRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1420 Words   |  6 Pagesexcessive effort to become perfect can be counteractive and lead to dysfunctionality. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, characters live in a dystopian society that sprouted from the human yearning for perfection. Although the citizens in Brave New World are genetically engineered to be perfect individuals and are on soma constantly to keep them happy and efficient, they lack individuality.. Brave New World is a novel that clearly demonstrates that trying to create a perfect society can result inRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s A Brave New World1708 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties, specifically those of the fictional variety we apply our mashed set of ideals based on truth and happiness on each of these different societies . In Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World, by conventional societies ideas the citizens of the world state know nothing of traditional reality and by the standards of the traditional world are far from a state of contentment, but if examined by the ideals of the society in question the overall appearance is quite different. the population seems happyRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1591 Words   |  7 Pagesinsignificant in terms of an independent person, and because of this, people have to actively find ways to keep ourselves occupied. Aldous Huxley was born July 26, 1984. His father was a scientist that helped to develop the theory of evolution. Science was obviously a large part of his life and was most likely a key source of inspiration for his book. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, Individualism is a rarity and society is structured to serve a higher class of people. Society is built around five classes;Read MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe corners of the world there are diverse perspectives , that lead to the conclusion that there is no such thing as a Universal Utopia. In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley , we are able to understand the critical differences between our mo dern day society and the dystopian one created in the novel. There is no such thing as â€Å"perfection† and in order to function everyone should choose who they want to be, which is the complete opposite of the society formed in the Brave New World. In this society thereRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words   |  6 PagesDiscussions regarding technology’s risks, benefits and responsibilities neither begin nor end at the inception of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. These analyses are held, uneasily, on the fringes of journalism. Huxley’s infamous dystopian science fiction work, as well as his experiences with hallucinogens and mysticism, pinned him onto the intellectual map. Nowadays, in a society that is ruled and run by technology, we can truly recognize certain parallels made between now and his very intuitiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe World State- Do What You Are Taught This essay will be centered on two of the most important characters Linda and Lenina from Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World. The novel talks about a world which is completely different from the contemporary world. The world state in the novel is solely ruled by technologies to produce human beings, drugs to control emotions, hypnopaedic education to brainwash people with certain beliefs and thoughts. In the world state human beings are produced in bulkRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 1292 Words   |  6 PagesBook Report #1 Tommy Schneid Science Fiction Period 8 14 October 2014 Brave New World Aldous Huxley 259 Pages and 18 Chapters Essay 1 9/28/2014 Pages 1-32 Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley immediately shows the scientific discoveries that are happening in the future. Chapter one starts out with showing amazing ground breaking scientific actions for example human cloning and very fast production

Barrier Computer Free Essays

Computer hardware is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems. This is due to the number of different systems available to connect on. I will be discussing 3 of these, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 3G. We will write a custom essay sample on Barrier Computer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) standard is based on the 802. 11 specification and is currently the most common standard for wireless home and small-office networking. Wi-Fi is ideal for small-business and home wireless networks with an indoor range of about 150 feet and an outdoor range of about 300 feet. In a simple network, the network signal is brought into the home/office via a modem, and a router/access point distributes the signal. There are four common versions of 802. 11, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. 802. 11n The 802. 11n specification is the most recent development in the area of Wi-Fi. 802. 11n builds on previous 802. 11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and 40 MHz channels to the physical (PHY) layer, and frame aggregation to the MAC layer. MIMO is a technology which uses multiple antennas to coherently resolve more information than possible using a single antenna. Two important benefits it provides to 802. 11n are antenna diversity and spatial multiplexing. 802. 11g The 802. 11g specification is the most recent of the Wi-Fi specs to be approved and is currently the most commonly implemented Wi-Fi standard. Like 802. 11n and 802. 11b, 802. 11g operates in the 2. 4GHz spectrum, but without the MIMO advantage of 802. 11n, 802. 11g is highly subject to interference from other electronic devices that operate in the same spectrum, such as cordless phones and baby monitors. 802. 11b As the first popular Wi-Fi technology, the 802. 11b specification offers slower data speeds than 802. 11n, 802. 11g, or 802. 11a, with a theoretical throughput of 11Mbps and real-world performance of about 5Mbps. Otherwise, its specs mirror those of 802. 11g. 802. 11b has an indoor range of about 150 feet, and it operates in the 2. 4GHz band, making it highly susceptible to interference from other devices. On the positive side, 802. 11b products are very inexpensive, if you can find them. 802. 11a An oddity of the Wi-Fi specs is 802. 11a–it’s less common but does have certain advantages over 802. 11g. 802. 11a operates in the 5GHz frequency, which means it’s less susceptible to interference from cordless phones and microwave ovens. 802. 11a also boasts speeds similar to 802. 11g, though because 802. 11g and 802. 11a use different frequencies, they can’t talk directly to one another. If you’re using an 802. 11a adapter on a notebook, you won’t be able to connect to most Wi-Fi hot spots. 802. 11a also lacks the range of the other Wi-Fi flavors, spanning only about 100 feet. Finally, the 5GHz radio inside 802. 11a products will drain power faster than a 2. 4GHz radio . Next is Bluetooth, a low-power radio signal specification that allows devices to communicate and exchange information on a smaller scale than Wi-Fi using a personal-area network. Bluetooth’s practical throughput is roughly 500Kbps, and its range is no more than 30 feet, making Bluetooth ideal for simple exchanges of information between devices. Bluetooth is also easier to use than Wi-Fi. Bluetooth devices that come within range of each other can communicate automatically with little or no setup. Common applications for Bluetooth include wireless keyboards and mice for notebook and desktop PCs, communication and file transfers between PCs and PDAs; wireless printing to a Bluetooth printer; and wireless headsets for cell phones. Newer applications include Bluetooth-enabled cars that communicate with Bluetooth-enabled phones, allowing for true hands-free phone operation in the car. However, Bluetooth operates on the 2. 4GHz band, subject to the same interference issues as 802. 11 network devices. 3G is an broad term that refers to third-generation wireless networks that deliver broadband speeds to cell phones and other mobile devices. With speeds between 144Kbps and 2. , you can download files, surf the Web, send and receive e-mail, or stream music and video over the cellular networks. With a cellular modem or a 3G phone, you don’t have to find discrete hot spots; an entire metropolitan area with a 3G network is essentially a giant hot spot of sorts. There are several types of 3G to choose from. The two main versions of 3G are UMTS and EVDO. Speeds for each are comparable, though EVDO is more widely available. Currently, Verizon Wireless is the main provider of EVDO networks, with coverage in about 50 cities and metropolitan areas. UMTS is available through Cingular/ATT Wireless, though only in very limited areas. Cingular/ATT also provides EDGE networks, which are technically 2. 5G cellular technology. EDGE is slower than both UMTS and EVDO, transmitting data at rates of about 90Kbps. On the plus side, EDGE networks are more widely available than UMTS, and in fact, Cingular encourages using EDGE networks when outside of their geographically limited UMTS coverage areas . The next generation of wireless system is, WiBro (Wireless Broadband) is a wireless broadband Internet technology developed by the South Korean telecoms industry. WiBro is the South Korean service name for IEEE 802. 16e international standard. WiBro adopts TDD for duplexing, OFDMA for multiple access and 8. 75 MHz as a channel bandwidth. WiBro was devised to overcome the data rate limitation of mobile phones and to add mobility to broadband Internet access In February 2002, the Korean government allocated 100 MHz of electromagnetic spectrum in the 2. 3 – 2. 4 GHz band, and in late 2004 WiBro Phase 1 was standardized by the TTA of Korea and in late 2005 ITU reflected WiBro as IEEE 802. 16e. Two South Korean Telecoms (KT, SKT) launched commercial service in June 2006 . In the course of just a few short years, wireless technologies have changed the way we connect computers, phones, PDAs, and other devices both to each other and to the Internet. Today, Wi-Fi is the most popular wireless local-area networking technology and is now a common feature of many laptops, PDAs, and even cameras. Bluetooth has opened the door to low cost wireless personal-area networks (WPAN). Designed primarily as a cable replacement technology, WPAN systems help you connect with low power requirements at short ranges. WWANs, or wireless wide-area networks, are designed to deliver high bandwidth across large areas. WWANs are already beginning to offer wireless alternatives to cable Internet access and DSL. As a result, these technologies and upcoming technologies have led to hardware no longer being a barrier to the wide use of wireless technologies. How to cite Barrier Computer, Papers

Resources of Agency and Competition Law †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Resources of Agency and Competition Law. Answer: Introduction The case was related to ANZs wish that Mortgage refunds agree to limit the refund amount for the customers in respect of arranging ANZ home loans. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited is providing the mortgage loans to customers through internet and external channels. Mortgage refunds are an independent firm which is engaged in the distribution of mortgages of ANZ. Mortgage refunds are offering refund to customers from some part of its commission if its mortgages are approved by ANZ (MacCallum, 2016). The ACCCs claim was that ANZ is providing loan arrangement facilities to its customers internally. ACCC had fought two cases of fixing of prices. One was against Fight centre and other was against ANZ. In the case related to Fight centre, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission alleged that Fight centre entered into contract with three airlines to maintain the prices for air travel. This report describes in detail the facts of the case, the duties breached by ANZ, the decision of Full Federal court and the reasons behind the decision. ACCCs main aim is to avoid anti-competition agreements. As per ACCCs allegation, ANZ was indulging in the price fixing. ACCC alleged that Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited made an agreement that it is going to only allow Mortgage Refunds to offer Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited mortgage products if the Mortgage refunds agreed on the terms and conditions of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited. The terms and conditions include that Mortgage refunds was required to limit the amount of refund to its customers to $600 for the arrangement of loan services and it will allow Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited branches to match the deal if they chose to waive the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limiteds loan establishment fee (Adams, 2016). As per ACCC, Mortgage refunds and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited were competitors in the market for the provision of services related to loan provisions. Full Federal Courts decision The courts decision was in favour of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited .The Full court of the Federal court of Australia dismissed the price fixing appeal made by the Australian competitive and consumer commission. The Full court dismissed Australian Competitive and Consumer commissions allegation against the Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Limited for breaching the provisions of price fixing under Competition and Consumer act, 2010 (ACL, 2015). The court has given the decision that ANZ did not complete with Mortgage refunds and other independent mortgage brokers. The full court also observed that The competition can be possible for the internal and external distribution channels. The court also ordered that ACCCs priority is to avoid anti-competitive practices and agreements because impeding competition damages the businesses and consumers and this is harmful for the entire economy. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission appealed against the decisi on given by the Federal court. As per the investigation of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, ANZ breached the duty of care, improper use of information and the duty to act with diligence under the corporation law by fixing the prices. So, ANZ breached two laws, one was corporation law and the other was Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Journals talk, 2016). ACCC was successful in its appeal against fight centre but was unsuccessful in the appeal against ANZ. The ACCC alleged that ANZ is liable for fixing of prices under section 45 of Trade Practices act, 1974 now it is Competition and Consumer act, 2010. The court held that price fixing applied to contracts between competitors. The ANZ and Mortgage refunds were not competitors so there were zero chances of price fixing between them. The court also stated that section 45A was not applicable on this case. Because this section says competition may occur between two parties with relevant arrangements. Section 45A applies when two parties are having relevant arrangements with two profit centres and there will be two separate entities of both the parties. These conditions are not satisfied in this case (Yuile, 2017). So, ANZ is not liable under section 45A. The decision of the court was clear after Justice Dowsetts says that between the loan arrangement services of ANZ and Mortgage refunds, there was no competitive overlap. Reaction of ACCC against the judgement ACCC was not satisfied with the judgement given by the full federal court. ACCC reacted against the judgement given by the full federal court. According to ACCC, there was no issue with healthy competition because healthy competition brings prices down, results in innovation and better quality services to the customers. This type of competition leads to various types of advantages to customers. But the competition that was in this case results in factors that harm the interests of consumers. According to ACCC, in this case, both Mortgage refunds and ANZ were dealing in loan services. So, it was the proof for the fixing of prices. The major reason behind federal courts decision in favour of ANZ was the lack of evidence with ACCC (Akman and Sokol, 2017). ANZ did not show any evidence in its defence because ANZ was aware about the fact that the case was not strong from the side of ACCC because ACCC was putting allegation without evidence. As per the rules and regulations of court, a cas e without evidence was considered as irrelevant. It was impossible for ACCC to prove that ANZ breached the duties under Competition and Consumer act, 2010. ACCC argued that the fixing of prices between Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Mortgage refunds took place because ANZ and Mortgage refunds are competitors in the market for providing loan arrangement services (Varney, 2016). But the court found that Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Mortgage refunds were not the competitors for the loan arrangement services provisions in the market. So, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited was not held liable for any price fixing agreement. ACCC alleged that Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited was competing with other brokers in the market. The court again dismissed this allegation of ACCC by stating that ANZ was not involved in the marketing of any loan services against the brokers. The court found Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited innocent in both the allegations made by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. So, these were the reasons behind the court decision favo uring Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (McHugh and Foster, 2016). The case against Fight centre was also related to fixing of prices. The Federal court decided against the Fight centre because according to the full federal court, the fight centre was in competition with other airlines for booking services. So, there were chances that Fight centre was engaged in price fixing. The reason behind the judgement of full federal court against ACCC in this case was that the court found that ANZ was not in competition with the Mortgage refunds. So, without having competition in the market, the chances of fixing of price do not arise. The reason behind the positive outcome of Fight centre case was that ACCC was confident about the success because of proper evidences at that time (Oliver and Schoff, 2017). In Fight centre case, ACCC was hoping courts judgement in its favour but in this case, ACCC was doubtful about the favourable decision of the court. Duties breached by ANZ This is the case of price fixing. In price fixing, the competitors agree on a same price rather than competing with each other. The duties breached by Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited include duty not to use the information in improper manner, duty related to good faith and duty of care. The reason behind the establishment of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission is to give protection to the interests of consumers (Le Roy, et al., 2017). In this case, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited breached three duties which affect the consumers at the end. The first duty breached because of fixing of prices is duty not to use information in improper manner, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited used the market information for illegal purpose and fixed the prices by properly understanding the consumer preferences. The second breached duty is duty related to good faith. Every industry which is operating in the market is expected to conduct its busine ss with proper rules and regulation, honesty and without harming the interests of consumers. Price fixing is against of all these principles. The last duty that was breached by Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited is duty of care. Customers are the main motive of every business (Stellios and Richman, 2016). Customers should be attracted with duty of care. This duty is attached with the business from the day of set-up of the business. Every organization is required to handle the customers with care. By fixing of prices, ANZ breached this duty because fixing of prices ultimately results in the loss to customers. Impact of courts decision on the operating of companies in Australia Price fixing by one company affects the consumers and other companies operating in the same market. For example: if consumer goods are transported by freight and if there is fixing of price of freight then it results in affecting the whole chain of supply and increases the prices of goods. In this way price fixing affects the market and the companies operating in the market as a whole. Price fixing is illegal under the Competition and Consumer act, 2010 in Australia (Petrucci, 2017). This decision impacted the other companies operating in the same industry because this competition was not a healthy competition. It is an impending competition that resulted from anti-competitive practices between Mortgage refunds and ANZ. Conclusion According to the report, the ACCC vs ANZ case is related to price fixing. Price fixing is an illegal activity as per the corporation law and Competition and consumer act, 2010. The decision in this case was against Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and in favour of ANZ. ACCC is unsuccessful in its allegation because there is no evidence for such price fixing with Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. This was the major factor behind the failure of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission were unable to prove that Mortgage refunds and ANZ were the competitors for loan arrangement services. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission fought two cases of price fixing against Fight centre and ANZ. ACCC succeed in its case against Fight centre because at that time, the court had sufficient proof that Fight centre and other airlines services were competitors in the market. One thing that needs to be focused in this case is that careful consideration should be given to evidence. References ACL (2015) ACCC v ANZ Ltd. [Online]. Available at: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/cases/2013anz.html (Assessed: 22 September, 2017). Adams, M.A. (2016) Contemporary case studies in corporate governance failures, Governance Directions, 68(6), p.335. Akman, P. and Sokol, D.D. (2017) Online RPM and MFN Under Antitrust Law and Economics, Review of Industrial Organization, 50(2), pp.133-151. Journals talk (2016) Australian Journal of Competition and Consumer Law update. [Online]. Available at: https://sites.thomsonreuters.com.au/journals/2016/03/20/australian-journal-of-competition-and-consumer-law-update-march-2016-2/ (Assessed: 22 September, 2017). Le Roy, F., Sentis, P. and Jerson, A. (2017) The Impact of Conviction for Anti?Competitive Practices on Firm Valuation: A Contingency Approach, Managerial and Decision Economics, 38(4), pp.534-546. MacCallum, W. (2016) Accessorial liability of board members, Governance Directions, 68(3), pp.164. McHugh, N. and Foster, C. (2016) Collaborations among competitors in energy and resources projects-a competition law primer, Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal, 35(1), p.20. Oliver, J. and Schoff, P. (2017) Agency and Competition Law in Australia Following ACCC vs Flight Centre Travel Group, Journal of European Competition Law Practice, 8(5), pp.321-328. Petrucci, C. (2017) Subsidiarity in Directive 2014/104 EU on damages actions for breach of EU competition law, European Public Law, 23(2), pp.395-421. Stellios, K. and Richman, A. (2016) Competition law: Extending the reach of Australia's cartel laws, Governance Directions, 68(8), pp.494. Varney, C. (2016) The Cartels and Leniency Review. Law Business Research Limited. Yuile, A. (2017) Case notes: High court judgments, Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (243), pp.52.

Australian and Ireland Health Care System

Question: Discuss about the Australian and Ireland Health Care System. Answer: Introduction Health care is one of the basic and central factors of consideration of any state. The 21st century is being affected directly or indirectly by a lot of deadly diseases such as cancer, heart related complications, kidney failure and HIV and AIDS pandemic. It is therefore, the responsibility of government and the United Nations to help in safeguarding the health of the corresponding nations. In this piece of work, the paper will focus on the Australian and Ireland health care system. A comparison of the two healthcare systems will be analyzed critically. Australia is located in Continental Australasia or Oceania while Ireland is in Continental Europe. These two countries fall under top ten in the best health care providers in the world (Hungerford et al, 2014). The paper will majorly dwell on the health policies, current issues, and problems faced in the delivery of services in the two nations. Moreover, comparisons and the contrast as per the health care country will also be explaine d in an explicit way in the paper. Health policies The two countries have the guarding regulations in the running of their health care. In both countries, the government majorly controls health care. In Australia, it is supervised by Australian Department for Health and Ageing (DNH) (Australia, 2006).It was formed through the Acts of Parliament in order to aid in giving the government the way things run or suggestions on what ought to be done in order to improve health care system in the country. This body was formed and implemented in the year 1984. After its implementation, the health sector in the country radically improved in both the public and the private sector. On the other hand, the government also facilitates Medicare in Ireland. It is the role of the Health Service Providers (HSP) of this nation to foresee the functionalism of the health sector and inform the government accordingly. It was founded in the year 2005 through the Act of Parliament (Lakeman, 2008) The formation was as a result of problems which had outlawed the government and thus the need for a special body was of great magnificent. In both the countries, Red Cross Society helps in delivery of blood in case an emergency arises (BRAITHWAITE, HYDE POPE, 2010). The Mandate of the Bodies Overseeing Healthcare The main reasons behind the two states taking over the responsibility of providing and running of the health care fraternity was to prevent its citizens from over-exploitation from the private health care providers. Apart from that, the government realized that the need for provision of quality health care depends solely on their capability. Moreover, the challenges brought about by the rising cases of chronic diseases such as cancer was looming and thus the need to act swiftly was required. Australia and Ireland also wanted to be like other nations whom the role of running health care fraternity was the responsibility of the government. In both the nations, legal and ethical health care of the ageing population is involuntary. The old people have the right to whether accept to be taken to nursing home to spend the rest days of their lives or to remain at home. One realizes that, in both countries, the old people do not welcome the idea of being raised in nursing home. Most would like to spend their dying age at home since they feel comfortable because it is the place they have always been. According to statistics carried out, most feel that they are isolated by their children and the society when taken to nursing homes. Besides, women were found as the ones who preferred to be in nursing home as compared to their counterparts the male. It is estimated that 5% of the population in ageing stage live in nursing homes prior to their death. The retention and use of human biological contents in both countries is considered. This biological sample such has kidneys of the diseased or heart or even the entire body is allowed by their respective countries to be used as control experiments for testing of drugs among other medical tests. Despite of it being constituted, it is faced with a lot of ethical challenges. It is countenanced by the wider competing public interest as a result of its potential value. Human body parts are very expensive and rarely found and thus the relatives and the public take this as an opportunity to get back into the government financially. Additionally, some people are very religious to an extent that they believe in respect for the death. This makes them not to allow any body part of their deceased to be used in biological process. This has raised a lot of alarm and slowed down the medical research. Both countries have a constituted mental health law. According to this regulation, the persons of unsound mind are subject to detention in safe places in order to avoid causing of problems in the society in the event where the disease takes control of their capability. It is recommended that they are taken good care by the medical expertise during such times. It is also required that the predicament should be quite serious before one is taken to the hospital for the unsound. This is because in the case whereby one is subjected to that treatment and the problem is not that complicated the probability of committing suicide or being depressed is inevitable. It was also documented that before one is confined, the history of persistence in the disorder is provided. People who show that the unsound person had continuously shown the signs and symptoms are put into consideration since the evidence shows that one will be completely sick. In addition to that, the insane person is also given th e voice to talk on whether to be detained or not. It should be a voluntary decision especially for persons of maturity age and those who used to live a normal life in the past. Both nations are strict on how these groups of people are handled by the medical personnel (Mckenna, Keeney Hasson, 2008). Patients autonomy policy is also a regulation governing the medical fraternity in both states. The patients have the ability to state that they want to be treated by whom, and the mode of treatment they should receive. They also have the freedom of engaging with the health care provider in relation to their health problem and on a wider range of issues. The patient also chooses which medication to be given and no medical personnel can force or compel a patient to take medications in which one does not want. The ill person can also dictate on the place one want to be treated from. This can be at home, school or place of work and the doctor has to follow without complaining and failing to do so; medical provider is subject to imprisonment. This is because it is seen as breaking the law (GALLEGO, CASEY, NORMAN GOODALL, 2010) Permissibility of death is also discussed at length in the health constitution of these countries. A person who does not show any sign of recovering and is sufferi ng too much can be suppressed to die by the medics. This is only done in the event where the relatives agreed upon it and show it in writing and signing. This clause has received a lot of debate from humanitarian agents since life is very fundamental. According to Jones (2007), one should be allowed to die in peace instead of injecting drugs to discontinue life. Approach to Reproductive Health Maternal Health Reproductive health and maternal health care also caries lot of weight in the health policy of the two nations. Mothers and girls have the privilege to deliver in hospitals of their choice. The parties involved should be specialized in order to avoid a complication, which comes with delivering. Both countries provide these services free of charge to all in any of its public hospitals. However, in the private sector, they subsidize this service in order to reach all at a cheaper and comfortable way. Another big concern is on the abortion-related matters (Milgrom, Heaton Timothy Newton, 2013). The doctors have the mandate to perform abortion to the client given the state of the mother and the fetus is in danger. This faces serious ethical and legal concerns from humanitarian organizations. This is because most people believe that doctors have reached an extent of performing such for client of unwanted pregnancies brought about by unscrupulous behavior. Their respective governments are mandated with the task of financing the medical fraternity of Australia and Ireland. In Australia for instance, it is estimated that 1.5% of income levied from both Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and National Domestic Product (NDP) of the country is used in financing the health sector (Mckenna, Keeney Hasson, 2009). The government of this country also has separate pharmaceuticals, which are state owned. This assists its citizens in purchasing of drugs at a cheaper price. However, in the point of excess the patient pays own medications unless one is privileged to have medical insurance. Similarly, the government of Ireland also provides health care free to its citizens. It is estimated that health care is financed through taxation of 2% of wages received by the working population. This money is used to improve health facilities and for purchasing of drugs used in treating patients in the hospitals. Furthermore, a patient pays for ones medication on poin t of excesses unless one has medical insurance. Children and dependent spouses receive medication free of charge in all hospitals. Australian and Irelands are provided medical care universally by their respective governments without discrimination on social class and so on (Embrett, Randall, Longo, Nguyen Mulvale, 2016) Current issues in health delivery Cost of technology is one of the major current issues affecting the health fraternity in both countries. The innovation of machines such has x-rays, chemotherapy equipment, and kidney dialysis machines have caused more than enough problems in the medical fraternity. These machines are subject to breakage, the manner of using is also very complicated since most doctors, and nurses capacity of using is still below the estimated quality. This has made these nations to spend too much in changing and training of medics on how to use the so equipment. Another current issue affecting this nations healthcare is equity for health provision countrywide. Despite of these being implemented countrywide, it is noted that only those people of high class such has politicians have the privilege to access quality health care. According to research carried out in one of the hospitals in Ireland, it was realized that there is a special ward, which is used in treating of dignitaries and those people who are wealth. Moreover, the way they are handled is special as compared to ordinary citizens. These menaces need an immediate address otherwise; the entire health sector will soon diminish (Kowalchuk, 2011). The pandemic brought about by chronic diseases is also seriously eating on the government. This has majorly being as a result of change in demography. The working population is bound to contract chronic disease and thus the spending on medical care on the government and the dependent population escalates. This leads to much spending on unprofitable ventures and in return the concentration on nation building matters are left in the hand of international donors such world bank (RIPPON, 2000). The degree on persistence on quality and safety concerns in the health sector is looming in both countries. This is as a result of serious reparations a nation is bound to face in case one fails to provide quality health care as required by World Health Organization (WHO) (Metcalf et al, 2016). This has caused immense struggle among them in order to meet these standards. This in the long run paralyses other important sectors of the economy and pulls back the economy of a nation. Besides, the cost of providing health increases day by day (MOHRMAN SHANI, 2010). This is attributed to continuous change in climatic conditions making most people to be vulnerable to diseases. This causes a massive expenditure by the government and their citizens. The problem emanating from uncertainties on how to balance between public and private health care fraternities is strongly hitting on the government. Most private investors more so the doctors have realized that health fraternity is very profitabl e. This has caused majority of them to compete with the government in this field. Some have even left their jobs in public sector to run their own business (MITCHELL, 2009). This has caused a big gap which is needed to be filled as soon as possible otherwise the tyranny of health care will fail the sooner. Governments from the two countries experiences big problems while trying to bring about balance in these two sectors providing health (VAN, CLARKE, SAVAGE E HALL, 2008). Primary health According to Varley (2016), primary health is defined as health provided at the grass root level. It is provided by different groups both qualified or unqualified health providers. The similarity between the two nations is that both of them have this method of running health care facility in place. It is majorly provided at home or a region where a large population is concentrated. The parties involved are the government, private and non-governmental organizations. Their main agenda is to deal with factors such has drug abuse, asthma, and cancer and sex educations. This is because a person needs holistic health, social welfare, and educational needs (VAN, CLARKE, SAVAGE HALL, 2008) The difference in primary care between Australia and Ireland in that, Ireland is specific on the geographical location a number to be administered by a certain group of health personnel. It is estimated that they should deal with a population ranging 7000 to 10,000. On the other hand, Australian bases on the communities or social sites without any specific number of persons being targeted. Universal health care In both the countries, health care is provided equally to all citizens free of charge. Every citizen is subjected to be treated in any public hospital where one specifies without a big deal. In this universal health, the government finances through taxes from the wages and incomes of the working population (Liamputtong, 2011). The patient pays the excess amount required in medical care or the insurance if at all one has subscribed to any. This distinctive feature between these two countries as far as universal health care is concerned is that, in Australia, the government owns pharmaceuticals outlet, which are used by the common citizens to buy drugs (McMurray Clendon, 2014). This was intended to prevent overexploitation since majority of private organizations sell at a high price, which is not affordable to the common citizen. On the other hand, the Ireland government does not have such projects and thus their citizens solely depends the private sectors. Impacts of delivery of services The living standards of majority of citizens of these nations have been constantly doing well and have improved tremendously. This is because when one is healthy, everything sounds good and even morale of working or doing business is negotiable. However, according to international reports health care in Australia is far much better than that of Ireland (Guzys Petrie, 2013). This is because the dedication extends of Australian medics is of high magnitude as compared to Ireland. Conclusion Health care is paramount to all citizens. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that their citizens have quality health care in order to counter on the challenges brought by disease pandemic. Moreover, the nations should work together in helping structure health care across the eight world continents in order to reduce human suffering caused by diseases. References Australia. (2006). Aged care in Australia. Canberra, A.C.T.: Dept. of Health and Ageing. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hungerford, C., Hodgson, D., Clancy, R., Monisse-Redman, M., Bostwick, R., Jones, T. (2014). Mental health care: An introduction for health professionals in Australia. Jones, D. A., Roy, C. (2007). Nursing knowledge development and clinical practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Kowalchuk, L. (2011). Multisectoral Movement Alliances and Media Access: Salvadoran Newspaper Coverage of the Health Care Struggle. Latin American Politics and Society. 52, 107-135. Lakeman, R. (2008). Family and carer participation in mental health care: perspectives of consumers and carers in hospital and home care settings. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 15, 203-211. Liamputtong, P. (November 03, 2011). Folk healing and health care practices in Britain and Ireland: Stethoscopes, wands and crystals. Sociology of Health Illness, 33, 7, 1114-1115. McMurray, A., Clendon, J. (2014). Community health and wellness: Primary health care in practice. Mckenna, H., Keeney, S., Hasson, F. (2009). Health care managers perspectives on new nursing and midwifery roles: perceived impact on patient care and cost effectiveness. Journal of Nursing Management. 17, 627-635. Milgrom, ,. P., Heaton, L. J., Timothy Newton, J. (2013). Different Treatment Approaches in Different Cultures and Health-Care Systems. 183-199. Mitchell, P. (2009). Mental health care roles of non-medical primary health and social care services.Health Social Care in the Community.17, 71-82. Metcalf, D., Parsons, D., Bowler, P. (March 02, 2016). A next-generation antimicrobial wound dressing: a real-life clinical evaluation in the UK and Ireland. Journal of Wound Care, 25, 3, 132-138. Mohrman, S. A., Shani, A. B. (2012). Organizing for sustainable health care. Bingley, U.K., Emerald. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10589740. Rippon, T. J. (2000). Aggression and violence in health care professions. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 31, 452-460. SoDerbaCk, M., Coyne, I., Harder, M. 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Gangsta Rap Essays - African-American Culture, Gangsta Rap, Music

Gangsta Rap Gangsta rap is a form of expression which uses words with rhythmic beats to make one point or another. What separates gangsta rap from regular rap is that gangsta rap talks about gang life and rap usually doesn't. Lyrics in gangsta rap that cause the most controversy are the ones that talk about killing people or ones that portray woman as just objects. People like Delores Tucker and William Bennett are currently trying to censor these "filthy" lyrics because they believe that these lyrics corrupt minds. But even though gangsta rappers like Tupac Shakur and "Biggie Smalls" might rap about hurting women or killing people, they are not to be blamed for what people do regardless of what correlation there might be. And even though it is unsure whether or not gangsta rap causes violent crimes, it should never be used as a scapegoat for hiding the more important issues. Delores C. Tucker, chairwoman of the National Political Congress of Black Women in Washington, D.C., is working with William Bennett to censor rap music because of its harsh lyrics and disparaging view of women. It is true that rap music, especially gangsta rap, uses vulgar language and also denigrate women. But rap, like all types of music is a form of expression. Just like poetry or art, it expresses ones view. It doesn't matter that rap uses explicit lyrics but, it does matter if you take away the right to express oneself. Because if ones right to express his or her opinion freely was taken away, then the expression will not be real. Tucker once stated "Stop producing [gangsta rap] and selling it to our children." (?95 Emerge) Stopping the production will not stop anything and Tucker obviously has no idea what the real problems are. Tucker and Bennett should be concerned more about dealing with the more important issues that plague society than trying to take away peoples ! right to free speech. In the video "Gangs in Los Angeles" (?91 Tom Brokaw), real life gangsters are shown in their own neighborhood. Unlike how music video's show gang life, life as a gangster is not as glamorous as it is portrayed in videos. Many of the children born in these "hoods" are most likely going to become gang members as well because of their surroundings and how they are raised. These children might not have the support, love, and guidance of parents or what is more common now, a parent. All they see around them is drugs, gangs, andcrime. By joining a gang, they gain a sense of belonging and pride. But more often, this is just a false sense, and eventually, they lose what should be most important to them. Rap music does not cause them to become gang members or to commit violent crimes, it is just one of the ways gangsters express themselves. The more important issues that should concern politicians and people like Tucker and Bennett should be that of figuring out how they will stop the! cycle of gangs, not going after the rappers. "Power Rangers," (?96 Courie) a documentary on the banning of a television show because of the belief that it promoted violence among young children is a good example of how people often use a scapegoat to hide more important issues. In Canada and New Zealand, a popular television show called "Power Rangers" was put off air because many people believed it promoted violence. Whether or not it did promote violence is irrelevant to the problem. The problem was, children appeared to be more violent. The issue is about the children, not the show they watched the day before. Taking away the show will not solve anything. The problem concerned the behavior of children and people should have focused their attention on that instead of using television as a scapegoat like Tucker and Bennett use rap music as a scapegoat. In conclusion, what people need to do is to stop blaming their own problems on issues that doesn't concern them. Even though scapegoating is not a new issue, people should stop and think about the main problems rather that being quick to blame problems on the small issues. Gangsta rap is not what

100 years of army history Essays - Reserve Officers Training Corps

100 years of army history Essays - Reserve Officers Training Corps Making the best military officers in the world; motivating young people to be better citizens. The Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), as it exists today, began with President Wilson signing the National Defense Act of 1916. Although military training had been taking place in civilian colleges and universities as early as 1819, the signing of the National Defense Act brought this training under single, federally-controlled entity: The Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Army ROTC is the largest officer-producing organization with the American military, having commissioned more than half a million second lieutenants since its inception. The United States Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) came into being with the passage of the National Defense Act of 1916. Under the provisions of the Act, high schools were authorized the loan of federal military equipment and the assignment of active duty military personnel as instructors. In 1964, the Vitalization Act opened JROTC up to the other services and replaced most of the active duty instructors with retirees who worked for and were cost shared by the schools. Title 10 of the U.S. Code declares that "the purpose of Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps is to instill in students in United States secondary educational institutions the value of citizenship, service to the United States, personal responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment." History of Army ROTC The JROTC Program has changed greatly over the years. Once looked upon primarily as a source of enlisted recruits and officer candidates, it became a citizenship program devoted to the moral, physical and educational uplift of American youth. Although the program retained its military structure and the resultant ability to infuse in its student cadets a sense of discipline and order, it shed most of its early military content. The study of ethics, citizenship, communications, leadership, life skills and other subjects designed to prepare young men and woman to take their place in adult society, evolved as the core of the program. More recently, an improved student centered curriculum focusing on character building and civic responsibility is being presented in every JROTC classroom. JROTC is a continuing success story. From a modest beginning of 6 units in 1916, JROTC has expanded to 1645 schools today and to every state in the nation and American schools overseas. Cadet enrollment has grown to 281,000 cadets with 4,000 professional instructors in the classrooms. Comprised solely of active duty Army retirees, the JROTC instructors serve as mentors developing the outstanding young citizens of our country. Most Americans don't know there's an Army Reserve, and even many of those who do couldn't explain the difference between it and the active-duty Army. They're even more confused when it comes to distinguishing between the Army Reserve and the National Guard. So, here's all you really need to know about the Army Reserve: The Pentagon could not be fighting the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq without it. As the Army Reserve turns 100 years old April 23, it's worth noting just how much its mission has changed, and what that says about the way the nation is waging war. The Army Reserve is made up of part-time soldiers, who for generations have undergone a period of full-time basic training, and then spent a weekend each month training and a week or two each year on extended exercises. (The National Guard is also a part-time force, whose members report to the governors of their states, but who can be "federalized" and sent off to war just like reservists). During its first 80 years, the Army Reserve was deployed six times, a number it has eclipsed in the 20 years since. Nearly half of the Army's supporting units everything from military police to civil-affairs units now resides in the Army Reserve. Currently 26,000 of the Army's 190,000 Reservists are on active duty, including 6,600 in Iraq and 5,700 in Afghanistan. After the Cold War, the Pentagon made dramatic cuts to its available ground forces, slicing the 770,000-strong active-duty Army to a complement of 479,000 on the eve of 9/11 (it's at 524,000 now). Dreams of waging future wars with $350 million F-22 fighters and $2 billion Virginia-class attack subs quickly evaporated as the mud-and-blood campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq showed that the U.S. would need plenty of boots on